Austin, Michael R. Negotiating with Imperialism: The Unequal Treaties and the Culture of Japanese Diplomacy. Harvard University Press (2006). ISBN 0-674-02227-0
Jansen, Marius B. Emergence of Meiji Japan, The (Cambridge History of Japan). Cambridge University Press (2006). ISBN 0-521-48405-7
Jansen, Marius B. The Making of Modern Japan. Belknap Press; New Ed edition (15 tháng 10 năm 2002). ISBN 0-674-00991-6
Keane, Donald. Emperor Of Japan: Meiji And His World, 1852-1912. Columbia University Press (2005). ISBN 0-231-12341-8
Sims, Richard. Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868-2000. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23915-7
